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HomeMy WebLinkAbout799 Cottonwood Pass Rd - 211118101001INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE: DISPOSAL SYSTEM PERMIT EAGLE COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DIVISION P.O. Box 179 - 500 Broadway - Eagle, Colorado 81631 Telephone: 328-8755 YELLOW COPY OF PERMIT MUST BE POSTED AT INSTALLATION SITE. PERMIT NO. 69 Please call for final inspection before covering any portion of installed system. OWNER:Donald L. Serafin PHONE:524-9666 MAILING ADDRESS: 799 Cottonwood Pass city: Gypsum Slate: CO _zip: 81637 APPLICANT: same PHONE: SYSTEM LOCATION: Tract No 89, Sec 18, T.5S, R.85W-TAX PARCEL NUMBER: 2111-181-00-002 LICENSED INSTALLER: La.rry Schultz LICENSE NO: DESIGN ENGINEER OF SYSTEM: INSTALLATION HEREBY GRANTED FOR THE FOLLOWING: 160 0 GALLON SEPTIC TANK V//�/c/ 5- ASSO TI N AREA REOUIREMENTS: SQUARE FEET OF SEEPAGE BED 562.5 SQUARE FEET OF TRENCH BOTTOM. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DATE: CONDITIONS: 1. ALL INSTALLATIONS MUST COMPLY WITH ALL REQUIREMENTS OF THE EAGLE COUNTY INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM REGULATIONS, ADOPTED PURSUANT TO AUTHORITY GRANTED IN 25- 10- 104. 1973. AS AMENDED. 2. THIS PERMIT IS VALID ONLY FOR CONNECTION TO STRUCTURES WHICH HAVE FULLY COMPLIED WITH COUNTY ZONING AND BUILDING REQUIREMENTS. CONNECTION TO OR USE WITH ANY DWELLING OR STRUCTURE NOT APPROVED BY THE ZONING AND BUILDING DEPARTMENTS SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE A VIOLATION OF A REQUIREMENT OF THE PERMIT AND CAUSE FOR BOTH LEGAL ACTION AND REVOCATION OF THE PERMIT. 3. CHAPTER IV, SECTION 4.03.29 REQUIRES ANY PERSON WHO CONSTRUCTS. ALTERS OR INSTALLS AN INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM TO BE LICENSED. FINAL APPROVAL OF SYSTEM: (TO BE COMPLETED BY INSPECTOR): i NO SYSTEM SHALL BE DEEMED TO BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE EAGLE COUNTY INDIVIDUAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM REGULATIONS UNTIL THE SYSTEM IS APPROVED PRIOR TO COVERING ANY PORTION OF THE SYSTEM. INSTALLED ABSORPTION OR DISPERSAL AREA: 1200 SQUARE FEET. INSTALLED SEPTIC TANK: 1500 GALLON DEGREES 58 FEETFROM NE corner of north side of house SEPTIC TANK ACCESS TO WITHIN 9' OF FINAL GRADE AND PROPER MATERIAL AND ASSEMBLY X YES —NO COMPLIANCE WITH COUNTY/STATE REQUIREMENTS: _X YES _NO ANY ITEM CHECKED NO REQUIRES CORRECTION BEFORE FINAL APPROVAL OF SYSTEM IS MADE. ARRANGE A RE -INSPECTION WHEN WORK IS CORRECTED. COMMENTS: ISDS information attained from owners manual on Armon Evapotranspiration system. Permit brought ul)-"-date for 1 t exemption process. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH APPROVAL: DATE: i `7 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH APPROVA DATE: (RE -INSPECTION IF NECESSARY) RETAIN WITH RECEIPT RECORDS 'LICANT / AGENT: OWNER: COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF�,...,I.TH Water Pollution Control Division 4210 East llth Avenue Denver, Colorado 80220 APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF LOCATION FOR SEPTIC TANK SYSTEMS Applicant (Owner) :,�,����,i,;" Mail Address: /� City: Phone: c5--7 A. INFORMATION REGARDING PROJECT SUBMITTED FOR REVIEW: Attach separate sheets or report showing entire area with respect to surrounding areas, topography of area, habitable buildings, location of potable water wells, soil percolation test holes, soil profiles in test holes. 1. Location of Facility: County Ci tyy or Town 0V!, ar4e'L'_ Legal Description. 2. Type of area and facility - Number of persons served:^ Subdivision Motel Restaurant Trailer Court Other: 3. Source of domestic water: Public (name): (7 -� Private: Depth __ Other Depth to first ground water table �- 4. Is facility within boundaries of City or Sanitation District: If so name: 5. Distance to nearest sewer system: zv '6 ® 7> Have negotiations been attempted with owner to connect: If rejected, give reason:/tz ,,-6. Rate of absorption in test holes in minutes per inch of drop in water level after holes have been soaked for 24 hours: 7. Name, address and telephone of person who made soil absorption tests: 8. Name, address and telephone of person responsible for design of the system: g. Est. bid opening date: Est. Completion Date: Est. Project Cost: Date: ® , Signature of Owner FEE $ File No. APPLICATION FOR EXEMPTION EAGLE COUNTY SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS Chapter II, Section 2.15.03.02 EAGLE COUNTY LAND USE REGULATIONS OWNER: Donald and Sharon Serafin MAILING ADDRESS: 0799 Cottonwood Pass Road, Gypsum, CO 81637 TELEPHONE NUMBER: 524-9666 Town State zip 1. Location of parcel requested for exemption: Tract 89_ ;inction 18 Township 5 South Range 85 West 6th P.M. 2. Total Acreage of exemption: 2.115 Acres 3. Tax Parcel Number • 2 I I ( - ! C - oa- 00 2 4. Read Section 2.:15.03.02(3-4) and furnish documentation as required. 5. Proposed source of water- Spring - developed and filed on 6. Proposed source of sewage treatment: Septic System in use 7. Proposed access: Existing road in easement dPScri hed in g 628 P 979 8. Date of parcel creation: jamiary 14 N72 9. Existing land use on parcel : Homes i to Number of dwellings: 1 10. Existing zoning: Resource I do hereby certify that the foregoing information and attached documents are true and /correct to the best of my knowledge, informati,pp and belie Signature of Owner Date 4/9/92 COMMUNITY DEVLOPMENT DEPARTMENT (303) 328-8730 EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO FACSIMILE TRANSMITTAL BULLETIN TO: M. Darrell White FAX #: 524-9623 FROM: Paul Clarkson P�,, RE: Serafin Exemption Plat Note DATE: January 30, 1995 PAGES: 1 Plat Note: 500 BROADWAY P.O. BOX 179 EAGLE; COLORADO 81631 FAX: (303) 328-7185 The Serafin Spring, decree W-492, is a junior surface water right and is subject to administration in the water rights priority system which may be subjected to curtailment by the Colorado Division of Water Resources. Pursuant to Section 37-92-602(3)b)II)A) C.R.S., a well permit can be approved for a household use only for ordinary household purposes inside a single-family dwelling provided that the return flows are to the same stream system in which the well is located via a non -evaporative sewage disposal system. Such a well would also be restricted to 15 g.p.m. and no outside uses, including irrigation and the watering of animals, would be permitted. A well permit similar to the spring's decreed uses would not be approved unless an amended decree is obtained showing a ground water right. I believe I will be able to schedule this plat for hearing before the Board for Tuesday, February 14, 1995. cc: Ray Merry HISTORY OF SERAFIN PARCEL IN TRACT 89, SEC. 18, T. 5 S., R. 85 W. 6TH P.M. Donald and Sharon Serafin purchased a piece of property from Frank J. and Marguerite Haas on January 14, 1972 for a homesite with the deeded access being the westerly 30' of the Haas property. However, Serafins used the same road as Mr. Wilson, who owned adjacent land to the west, from Cottonwood Pass Road. There was a verbal agreement that they could do so as long as they were the tenants. David Mayne acquired the rest of the Haas property and in 1993 he and Mr. Wilson decided to file a plat showing the fence line as their boundary line. At that time Serafins quit -claimed their interest in the deeded access in return for a deeded access easement along Wilson's existing access road to their property. In 1994 Serafins wanted to make their parcel a "legal parcel". The deed description did not match the pins set in the ground, so to make deed match as -occupied land David Mayne gave a quit -claim deed to Serafins using the description of land as occupied. Now, an exemption is being submitted to make the Serafin parcel a legal parcel. COMMUNITY DEVLOPMENT DEPARTMENT (303) 328-8730 EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO January 18, 1995 Donald & Sharon Serafin 799 Cottonwood Pass Gypsum, CO 81637 Dear Mr. & Mrs. Serafin, 500 BROADWAY P.O. BOX 179 EAGLE, COLORADO 81631 FAX: (303) 328-7185 Within your exemption plat process, Eagle County Environmental Health Division is reviewing your Individual Sewage Disposal System(ISDS) Permit #69, serving. your residence located approximately two miles south of Gypsum, Colorado, along Cottonwood Pass Road. Our records show this lot to be parcel # 2111-181-00-021, (Tract N4 89). Eagle County Land Use Regulations, Chapter IV, Individual Sewage Disposal Systems, 4.03.01 General Sanitation Requirements states that the owners of any structure where people live, work or congregate shall insure that the structure contains adequate, convenient, sanitary toilet and sewage disposal systems in good working order. File search found the original ISDS Permit 069, dated 8/16/72, authorizing an Armon Evapotranspiration system. No information was given regarding the size of the septic tank or the size of the absorption field. Further research on this type of septic system shows that this is not a mechanical system, therefore this system should be functioning properly as installed. The Environmental Health Division requires that you have your septic tank pumped to confirm that the tank is functioning properly and to verify the tank size. This condition needs to be completed to show its compliance with Eagle County Land Use Regulations, Chapter IV, Individual Sewage Disposal Systems. If you have further questions regarding this correspondence, don't hesitate calling our office at 328-8755. Sincerely, )Jef'f[Fe riz" zi Environmental Health Specialist cc: ISDS Permit file #69 MEMORANDUM January 17, 1995 TO: Planning Division FROM: Jeff Fedrizzi RE: File Search for Exemption Plat Process/ISDS permit for property located at: Tract N° 89, Section 18, T.SS, R.85W; Approximately 2 miles south of Gypsum on Cottonwood Pass Road. Tax Parcel #2111-181-00-002. File search found the original Individual Septic Disposal System(ISDS) Permit #69, dated 8/16/72, showing that an Armon Evapotranspiration system was installed. No information was given regarding the size of the septic tank or the size of the absorption field. Further research on this type of system shows that this is not a mechanical system, therefore this system should be functioning properly as installed. The Environmental Health Division requires that the owners have their septic tank pumped to confirm that the tank is functioning properly and to verify the tank size to insure that it meets compliance with Eagle County ISDS regulations. Based upon the available information and the above condition, the Environmental Health Division recommends approval of the plat exemption for the above mentioned property. 100 '6�lon Capacity :V1ARI 4=Sta a as!Le TN P O S I T IY E �KM'E-'A xS1`Qb -P ROE THE NEW ARMON SYSTEM - � MARK V THE 1500•GALLON CAPACITY SYSTEM FOR LARGER HOMES AND MOTEL UNIT' ositive Prevention of- Contamination.of Ground Waters SPECIFICATIONS Size of excavation .. (Seepage11) ...30x3O or 30x40 ft.sq. Size of Lower Excavations: Depth of Upper Excavation (all units) 3 ft. below grade MARK V ....................... 9 ft. circle Depth of Lower Excavations: MARK II ...................... 8'/2 ft. circle MARK V ................ 7 ft. 10" below grade (Level at case, ta!%.­ing bowl :japed upwards) MARK [I ................... 7 ft. below grade Rock filter colla- .................... 1 ft. thick Slope of sewer pipes .............. %" per ft. (MIN.) Rock horizontal dispersion area .......... 1 ft. thick Perforated pipe ............. 4" diameter, 8 ft. long Sand area:........ 2 ft. deep above rock area, 1 ft. deep Durethene polyethelene film ...... furnished with unit above top of unit, lens -shaped as shown /, THE ARMON SYSTEM is a most unique system, and a significant advancement in waste -water treatment. No matter what the soil conditions, or whether ground water is existent near the surface, the ARMON SYSTEM will function continually and with a positive means of prevent- ing the pollution of the soil or any water source such as a well, lake or stream. This is accomplished by a combination of ingenuity and engineering judgment. The excellent upgrading efficiencies inherent in the ARMON SYSTEM top the minimum quality standards by- surpassing conventional criteria necessitated by governing bodies in their jurisdictional areas. Specifically, • the ARMON SYSTEM unit receives and completely destroys waste solids biochemically and dis- poses of the effluent it produces by total evaporation! Initially, the ARMON SYSTEM unit provides for a flow arrangement from the household that speeds up and intensifies biochemical oxidation on influent raw sewage, resulting in a finer separation and effluent of high bacterial . range, which moves systematically into a lower compart- ment, activating the chemical process in a secondary treatment: within the ARMON SYSTEM unit. Shock load- ings of organic wastes and harmful chemicals are avoided, thus the anaerobic process becomes more stable, and a more efficient process in the primary and secondary treatment of household wastes. Of great importance is the hydraulic feature of the ARMON SYSTEM. A special column provides for hydraulic conduc- tion of household waste through a sequence of physical and biological processes, . resulting in complete biochemical oxidation, and consummating in dispersal of liquids into the atmosphere. Systematically, the ARMON SYSTEM unit generates the movement of the secondary effluent it produces into a self-contained dispersion reservoir sur- rounding the unit. The flow radiates over the rock dispersion reservoir of the system, which has great capacity for further biological treatment and storage. The available a -nospheric oxygen in the predetermined soil material will catalyze the natural process of aerobic biochemical oxida- tion, affecting a tertiary treatment on residue from deter- gents, greases, phosphates, ferrous sulfide and other re- 6 Z TOP UNIT � LOWER UNIT V sistant compounds, as well as any remaining organic material, thus preventing surface clogging. Such a system has profound effect on effluent quality, removing, for example, some 85 to 95 percent of its oxygen demand. As the flow continues to circulate through the various processes, the tertiary -treated effluent rises into a soil cover of medium -coarse sand to effectuate filtration and total evaporation. The entire surface of the dispersion reservoir can be utilized to the maximum to provide sufficient reserve areas for any accelerated flow through the system. FILTRATION is the fourth stage of treatment, where the effluent liquids pass through the sand filter removing coliform, bacteria and viruses, which are destroyed by the aerobic oxidation process. Here also is the advantage of odor absorption in sand filter. These are the quality changes in the soil system. Changes in quality occur in liquids passing through the biologically active surface zone as well as in active saturated strata. 7 0s,A t MARK V UNIT: Upper Compartment ... 700 Gallons; Lower Compartment ... 806 Gallons MARK II UNIT: Upper Compartment 556 Gallons; Lower Compartment ... 452 Gallons TOTAL LIQUID CAPACITY OF ROCK AREAS SURROUNDING ARMON SYSTEM UNITS: 30x40-foot Excavation ........ 4,500 Gallons 30x30-foot Excavation . 3,600 Gallons COMPLETE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ON PAGES 12 and 13 SOIL EVAPORATION is the evaporation of films of water surrounding the soil grains, and occurs due to the relative temperature gradient of a liquid and the soil -air at their respective interface. The effluent from an ARMON SYSTEM, due to the tertiary treatment ocurring in the sealed dispersion reservoir, causing a continuous temperature gradient, varies constantly in temperature and is never consistent to that of the soil -air. The evaporation opportunity is greater in the ARMON SYSTEM's soil system than that of an identical area of water, because of the lens -shaped sand cover causing irregular air movements and the irregularities of the soil cover over the dispersion area comprise a larger area of evaporating surface. Estimated evaporation rate from an -ARMON SYSTEM self-contained dispersion reservoir is based'on .6 inches or .375 gallons per square foot per day A. Size of excavation: 3 0x4O ft . = 1200 sq . ft . of evaporating area 1200 x .375= 450 gallons per day This is adequate for any size single family dwelling with permanent occupancy. B . Size of excavation: 3 0 x3 0 ft. = 9 0 0 s q . ft . of evaporating area 90 0 x .375 = 33 5 gallons per day This is adequate for any dwelling having permanent occupancy, up to and including two -bedroom size, or any size single family dwelling having seasonal occupancy, such as lakeshore property 9 SPEC IFICATIONS MARK V UPPER COMPARTMENT LOWER COMPARTMENT COVER TOTALS Liq. Dia- Liq. Dia- Dia-, MODEL Cap., Wt., mtr., Depth, Cap., Wt., mtr., Depth, mtr., Wt., . Depth, Weight, Gals. Lbs: Inches Inches Gals. Lbs. Inches Inches Inches Lbs. Inches Gallons 'Lbs. MARK v 700 231 70* 48 806 144 85** 34 70* 100 12 1506 475 MARK II 556 185 62* 48 452 115 77** 24 62* 80 12 1008 $80 * Measurement at top of rim of upper compartment ** Measurement at base of lower compartment UNITS ARE CONSTRUCTED TON EST COMPACTLY FOR SHIPMENT FROM MANUFACTURING PLANT E X C AVATI0N AR EA: R E..QUIREVEN Ts' EXCAVATION dimensions are based upon size of family dwelling to be serviced. With rock In place in dispersion reservoir, there will be 50% solid rock and 50% air or void space. The void space will be occupied by liquids when reservoir is filled to capacity. Because ARMON SYSTEM installation REPLACES original subsoil with proper amounts of rock and sand, percolation tests of subsoil are not used in calculating excavation sizes. 30 A O FEET QR12 For any size single dwelling with SQUARE OOSQUARE FEET permanent occupancy TOTAL LIQUID CAPACITY OF ROCK AREAS SURROUNDING UNIT = 4,500 GALLONS Material Required: 48 'Cubic Yards of Rock, 1 10 Cubic Yards of Sand 30x3O SF E OR SQUARE For any dwelling having permanent occupancy, Q RE 900 FEET up to and including two-bedroom single family dwelling having seasonal occupancy suchas lakeshore property size, or TOTAL LIQUID CAPACITY OF ROCK AREAS SURROUNDING UNIT = 3,600 GALLONS Material Required: 36 Cubic Yards of Rock, 80 Cubic Yards of Sand ABOVE SPECIFICATIONS INCLUDE ADEQUATE SAFETY MARGINS FOR EACH CLASSIFICATION IMPORTANT NOTICE HOMES• with basements may require installation of SUMP and/or EJECTOR PUMPS to raise sewage from basement sinks, drains and toilets to level where waste can flow into unit's inlets. Use 4-inch sewer pipe for organic wastes (raw sewage), and 2-inch sewer pipe for inorganic wastes (wash water), to obtain maximum waste treatment and efficient effluent clarification. st e Place unit in place in center of lower excavation, ON TOP of durethene polyethelene film. Attach sewer pipes from dwelling, maintaining minimum pitch of/4-inch per foot. SUGGESTION: Place 4-inch diameter perforated pipe, 8 feet long, upright alongside unit, as shown. Effluent quality may be easily and quickly checked through this pipe. Original subsoil may be used as backfill ON TOP of film, as shown in illustration, Step 3, but rock collar one foot thick MUST surround unit and extend to edges of excavation as shown. DO NOT MIX rock and subsoil. Rock for filter and dispersion reservoir areas MUST be no smaller than 3/4-inch nor larger than 4-inch diameter, and must be free from clay, or other soil. Place ROCK as shown in illustration, Step 3. Place CLEAN, COARSE- SAND above rock dispersion reservoir area as shown in illustration, Step 4. Note that sand must be one foot thick above top of unit, tapering in lens shape to edges of excavation, and extending several inches beyond excavation edge on all sides to divert rain water. (Perforated pipe must be capped before sand is placed above it.) Place bricks or decorative rocks around edge of lens -shaped sand cover to help hold sand in position until it settles. Allow for settling of original sand crown. Plant small trees and shrubs, flowers, etc. , Step 5. See illustration, page 16. I --•-•• --• .•••� ...... ... v..y... av vav" III GIIl11C Cxudvation area, to level depth of three feet from original grade of lot. For MARK V unit: Dig down 4 feet, 10 inches, further in center of excavation, and make a level circle 9 feet in diameter. Then taper the sides upward (bowl -shaped) to the base of the first excavation. (See illustration, Step 1.) For MARK II unit: Dig down 4 feet further in center of excavation, and make a level circle 8'h feet in diameter. Then taper the sides upward (bowl -shaped) to the base of the first excavation. (See illustration, Step 1.) Place durethene polyethelene film in excavation, with center point of film in exact middle of excavation, and extending up sides of excavation so ends of film reach level which will be even with top of rock dispersion reservoir (one foot above base of first excavation. See illustration, Step 2.) ARMON SYSTEM units can be used where ground water table is 6 inches below the hydraulic column (this point is 12 inches BELOW RIM of UPPER compartment.) 13 through hydraulic column into lower compart- ment, to receive second anaerobic treatment. .,x,. 1vfi.X4 H. Floating anaerobic layer, lower compartment. fs �r4`.��'�.'p�yv�+`"�.c;;;t?;b"e'�Ej;. w-r �'i ,atJ3e �: �k r1,t �r NDnR}y} Fti " � I. Effluent layer, lower compartment. �l. J. Sludge layer, lower compartment. �RocK , E ROCK N s. *K. Effluent flows from lower compartment in equal uR. tN+TOP UN � distribution through 40 3 4 inch / portholes into sueson �, !; PERFORATED%s - ;' 1 rock dispersion reservoir for tertiary treatment NER UW , before. rising into the sand filter to evaporate.into Q. the air. *COVER-20-inch opening provides easy access into either or both compartments for inspection and A. 4-inch raw sewage line to upper compartment. service. *B. 2-inch wash water line passes directly into lower *FREEZING—ARMON SYSTEM generates heat through compartment. biochemical oxidation of waste in unit, and *C. Self -clearing baffle, eliminates clogging, through tertiary treatment in rock reservoir, pre- p. Floating anaerobic layer, upper compartment. venting freezing of effluent. E. Effluent layer, upper compartment. *IMPERVIOUS SOIL—ARMON SYSTEM provides its F. Sludge layer, upper compartment. own favorable, self-contained dispersion., areas of *G. Raw sewage enters through A, sending equal volume rock and sand, regardless of original `subsoil's of treated effluent under double baffles G, characteristics.. These features are EXCLUSIVE in ARMON SYSTEMS and are NOT found in conventional systems. 14 Xy r THE PROBLEM of individual household sewage treat- ment is of great importance. Rising water quality standards have made the conventional septic system's inadequacies more noticeable and objectionable, and have emphasized the need for a system to obtain the utmost in waste treatment and disposal. In the matter of water quality, the fact that rain has for ages fallen through an atmosphere containing dust, smoke, and bacteria, passed through the biologically active soil cover. of the earth, and appeared as clean, uncontaminated water, indicates that the soil system has ability to upgrade the physical and biological quality of water. This involves individual processes such as anaerobic and -aerobic oxidation, evaporation, and transpiration of total evaporation. Each process is amplified by influences en- couraged by physical products of design features and selective materials which are characteristic.of their naturally active environment, and combine in a fundamental process to produce the optimum effect from nature's processes applied to household waste treatment. ganisms) that are existent only in the presence of free oxygen. Biochemical oxidation can be encouraged by an aerobic soil strata of a soil system. Available atmospheric oxygen will catalyze any remaining organic solids rapidly and thus prevent surface clogging. Aerobic unsaturated soils are also essential to the removal and oxidation of ferrous sulfide, detergents,* and other resistant compounds, and the elimination of polysaccharides. ARTIFICIAL METHODS of producing necessary atmo- spheric oxygen, by mechanical compressors, electrical equipment; etc., are not recommended here, in any stage of operation of sewage treatment. The reasons are clear: failure of mechanical or electrical equipment can result in. malfunction of system; higher operating costs; greater susceptibility to shock loadings of concentrated wastes and to harmful chemicals, and variations in effluent quality due to such treatment upsets. 21 To acknowledge the competency of performance, it is necessary to understand the natural processes in which they are most effectively applied. The ARMON SYSTEM utilizes two known processes of oxidation: anaerobic, and aerobic biochemical oxidation, The ANAEROBIC PROCESS is caused by the existence of anaerobes in raw sewage. They occur in the absence of free (atmospheric) oxygen; and get oxygen by -decomposition of compounds containing it. Organic materials, susceptible to biological decomposition, are used by these microorganisms in their metabolic process. An increased concentration of organic matter in a solution will reflect an increased intensity of biochemical oxidation, thus the anaerobic process is less likely to be affected by shock loadings or organic matter, and this results in a more stable process with less upsets in the primary stages of sewage treatment. The AEROBIC PROCESS is caused by aerobes (microor- TOTAL EVAPORATION Evaporation, fundamentally, is the process in which liquid is changed to vapor and returned to the atmosphere. The ARMON SYSTEM utilizes two processes of total evapora- tion: soil evaporation and transpiration. SOIL EVAPORATION is influenced by pore space, or void space in the soil grain. Capillarity, which is caused by soil of grain -size, small enough. to make surface tension, is an inducement to soil evaporation. These influences are amplified by selective materials used in a redesigned soil system. TRANSPIRATION is a process whereby liquids are con- sumed as nutrients for vegetational growth. Transpiring liquid vapors escape from the living plant, principally through the leaves, into the atmosphere. In the EVAPORATION PROCESS the separation of the liquids from the impurities is affected by the change from liquid to vapor. Separation occurs due to the relative 22 temperature gradient of the liquid and the soil -air at their respective interface. The temperature gradient is a very important factor as it governs the rate at which liquid molecules leave the surface of a liquid and enter the overlying air. Evaporation occurs at various interdependent temperature combinations, even at very extreme tempera- tures. The most important additional factors affecting evaporation from .soils are those which influence the "evaporation opportunity." Soil evaporation is the evapora- tion of films of water surrounding the soil grains. Experiments have shown that, with saturated soils, the evaporation opportunity is greater than from a free water surface, such as a lake, because the countless, minute irregularities of the soil cover cause irregular air movements and comprise a greater surface area of evaporation than does a solid body of water of equal dimensions. The finer the soil texture, and the smoother the surface, the closer wiil the evaporation opportunity approximate that of an area of water, at saturation. The relationship between soil moisture content and evapo- is largely dependent upon the roughness of: the ground surface and the strength of the wind, which increases as these two factors increase. Turbulence is also greatly •' uenced by the stability of the air, which varies during daytime. Normally, during daytime the lapse rate increases, reaching maximum in early afternoon. The associated convectional activity and increased buoyance of the air, tog(-: her reinforce -the degree of turbulence and deepen the ' tut! ;ent layer. With regard to evaporation, it is the mixing ano _:ffusion processes associated with turbulence that are of the greatest importance. The greater the intensity of turbulence, the more -effectively are liquid vapor molecules diffused and dispersed in the atmosphere. The irregular eddying motion of air in the turbulent layer will quite quickly tend to establish a uniform moisture content at all heights, provided that no liquid vapor is added or removed. If liquid vapor is added to the bottom of the turbulent layer by evaporation from a soil system, it will be diffused and d?::versed in the atmosphere; as long as evaporation 23 ration is quite close. The actual moisture content of the soil surface exerts direct influence on the evaporation oppor- tunity. Under normal evaporativeconditions, molecules near the liquid surface will tend to fly off into the lower layers of the overlying air. Normally, some air movement is present in the form of turbulence or convection that mixes the lowest layers with the overlying air, thereby effectively clearing the air and permitting a given rate of evaporation to be maintained. Air, like any other .fluid, can have a laminar, or turbulent motion. In the first case, it moves in straight lines or along smooth curves, in one direction. In the second case, air particles follow irregular, tortuous, fluctuating paths, evidenced in cross -currents and gusts of wind with intervening brief lulls. True laminar flow is never observed in the lower layers of the atmosphere, instead friction between the air and the ground surface induces eddies and whirls and other irregular movements. This is the turbulent layer, that zone above the earth's surface in which frictional effects of the ground are felt. The depth and strength of the turbulence in this layer _ continues, the moisture content of the air will be the highest at the ground surface, and the lowest at the top of the turbulent layer. The associated turbulence will remove water vapor mole- cules from the air in contact with the liquid toil surface, sufficiently rapidly to enable evaporation to proceed at a maximum' rate. Evaporation will be governed by the existing relative temperature gradient of the liquid and soil -air at their respective interface. It follows from this that with a constant intensity of mixing, an increase in the rate of evaporation will be reflected in an increased moisture gradient in the turbulent layer. Alternatively, with a constant rate of evaporation, variation of the moisture gradient will reflect changes in the intensity of mixing. Accordingly, it should be possible to determine the rate of evaporation from any surface by reference to the moisture gradient, and the intensity of turbulent mixing. Measure- ments are needed of the moisture content, at a minimum of two known heights within the turbulent layer, and of the windspeed at two or more levels. 24 PROBABLY its most unique design is the hydraulics of the ARMON SYSTEM unit, which has two compart- ments communicating vertically by an engineered column near the top closure. It extends to the enclosed bottom area of the unit, and creates a hydraulic pressure on liquids passing through the discharge ports in spaced relation to the circumference of the unit. As new wastes enter the unit, an equal amount of secondary -treated effluent is forced through the discharge ports. SEWAGE SEPARATION was designed specifically to am- plify the intensity of biochemical treatment on influent raw sewage. Household sanitary and kitchen wastes, carrying biologically active sewage are deposited in the upper compartment of the ARMON SYSTEM for initial anaerobic treatment. Waste wash water is diverted directly into the lower compartment through a by-pass, effectively separat- ing organic and inorganic wastes. Thus, the biological matter in the upper compartment is concentrated, speeding up natural processes of biochemical oxidation. This is a reversal of the traditional route of the marginal and substandard conventional septic tank, which allows 25 SYSTEM is designed to be independent of natural soil characteristics. Dense. clay, or any impenetrable formation of soil stratum, has no effect on functional operation of an . ARMON SYSTEM Every installation requires that the original subsoil be removed and replaced with a predeter- mined amount of rock and sand, to provide a voluminous' . dispersion reservoir and an adequate sand filter system. The chosen soil materially influences activeenvironmental processes of evapotranspiration. Since effluent liquid can be, diffused and dispersed by total evaporation into the atmosphere, percolation of the effluent into a lower layer of the soil is -unnecessary. This process is continuous year around, winter and summer, and pollution of the soil and water is thus avoided. There are no soil percolation tests required, therefore no recommended differentiation in sized areas because of soil conditions. Our instructions specify the size of a soil system required for any single family dwelling. Instructions for specific installations, such as multiple dwellings, country clubs, etc., will be supplied upon request. The DISPERSION RESERVOIR consists of rock particles, surge flows of liquids and bactericides to weaken the necessary organic strength of solution, becoming an inac- tive and ineffective process, with resultant failure. In the ARMON SYSTEM, surge loadings of liquids and bactericidal effects are avoided by an infusion of separated biological matter within a concentrated area. Thus, bio- chemical oxidation is intensified and much more effective in decomposition, resulting in a more economical method of primary household waste treatment. SECONDARY TREATMENT is induced in the lower compartment of the ARMON SYSTEM where wash water is initially processed upon entry into the lower section through a by-pass. Increased intensity of biochemical oxidation occurring in the upper compartment reflects an increased concentration of bacteria -bearing effluent sys- tematically moving into the lower compartment to extend the chemical process in the secondary treatment of house- hold waste. Test results show that solids removal by secondary treatment in the ARMON SYSTEM is in excess of 90 percent. The ARMON SYSTEM'S SELF-CONTAINED SOIL — 3/4-inch to four inches in size. This area will function indefinitely without clogging, because the large pores maintain an aerobic system, and bacterial growth is never able to bridge the voids.. As the particle size of rock increases, the capacity for sedimentation and holding removed particles is much larger, and because it can continue over a large area of absorption, it can provide the greatest capacity for further biological treatment and stor- age. The SAND FILTER consists of a layer of medium -coarse sand covering the large dispersion reservoir. Filtration, and equal inducement opportunities for capillarity and soil evaporation are characteristics of the selected sand materi- als. The entire surface area of the dispersion reservoir can be utilized to the maximum to provide sufficient reserve areas for any accelerated flow through the sand filter. FILTRATION is one of the most apparent processes for which soil materials can be utilized in a soil system. Not only is filtration important for removing suspended parti- cles from wastewater, but is also the mechanism that retains microorganisms and facilitates biological treatment of dissolved and suspended organic matter. Sorption of soil and biological materials provides the separation of dissolved constituents from wastewater and their retention for chemical oxidation. The affinity of dissolved or suspended matter for particles in the soil results from the solubility of the dissolved or suspended matter in the surrounding fluid. If the molecule is hydrophobic, for example, it will try and leave a water solution and will accumulate at any surface not repulsive to it. Studies of the adsorption of organics in soil have been made with a number of specific organic compounds. The forces involved in such adsorption are the same as those generally active where molecules are in proximity. Energy considerations show that large organic molecules can compete better with the small water molecules at the surface and that adsorption will therefore be enhanced. RESULTS OF STUDIES OF VARIOUS TEST PLOTS Historic work on test plots at Whittier and Azusa, California, led to the conclusion that eater of bacterial quality suit- able for drinking purposes can be obtained by passage through a minimum of three to seven feet of surface soil, even though it be quite coarse. 2% Investigation of the movement of .bacteria introduced directly into groundwater existing in soil has been reported. Noted in these studies is a tendency for pollution to stay in the capillary fringe of groundwater, when the water table is lowered. Viral examinations on effluent from a percolation field were made over a period of three years. Several types of viruses were identified at all times in all primary and secon- dary treatment of effluent and were never found in the percolate from the soil system. Coliform, and other bacteria, have been observed to move but a few feet with percolating water in unsaturated flow, and a few hundred feet in groundwater in saturated systems, Viruses are removed by soil. systems, principally by adsorp- tion, as effectively as are bacteria. From the foregoing evidence it may be concluded that both biological antago- nisms and physical removal of cells characterize the change in bacterial quality of water filtering through a soil system, and that the soil is an efficient device for removing bacteria. JOB NJ, 0069-72 SERAFIN Tract #89, Sec..18, T.5S, R.85W. 2111-181-00-002 JOB NO,.. JOB LOCATION BILL TO DATE STARTED DATE COMPLETED DATE BILLED I JOB COST SUMMARY TOTAL SELLING PRICE TOTAL MATERIAL TOTAL LABOR INSURANCE SALES TAX MISC. COSTS TOTAL JOB COST GROSS PROFIT LESS OVERHEAD COSTS % OF SELLING PRICE NET PROFIT Printed in U.S.A.